Nevertheless, Diem’s political repression and attacks on Buddhist community made him more and more unpopular among ordinary South Vietnamese people. In October, he easily ousted Bao Dai and became President of the new Republic of Vietnam (ROV). In July 1955, Diem rejected the national election, claiming South Vietnam was not bound by the Geneva Accords. In return, communist insurgents also assassinated hundreds of South Vietnamese officials. He also launched many political repression and anti-communist campaigns across the country, in which 25,000 anti-government activists and communists were arrested and more than 1,000 killed as claimed by the communists. The Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG), Indochina was also re-organized into MAAG, Vietnam to train South Vietnamese army.īy early 1955, Diem had consolidated his power and control over South Vietnam. Following through on that commitment, American aid to South Vietnam began as early as in January, 1955. Eisenhower promised American support to his government to ensure a non-communist Vietnam. In a letter to Ngo Dinh Diem – the new Prime Minister of the Bao Dai government on October 23, 1954, President Dwight D. Second and most importantly, if the communists won in Vietnam, communism could spread throughout Southeast Asia and become a greater threat to the U.S. First, they feared that the general elections would not be fair and free under the communists’ influence. However, the accords apparently did not please the United States. General elections were to be held within two years, by July 1956, to unify the country. Civilians were able to move freely between two states for a 300-day period. Under the terms of Geneva Accords, France agreed to withdraw its troops from Indochina while Vietnam was temporarily divided into North and South Vietnam, led by Ho Chi Minh and Bao Dai respectively, at the 17 th parallel.
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